Definition and Examples of Content (Lexical) Words

Definition and Examples of Content (Lexical) Words In English sentence structure and semantics, aâ content word is aâ word that passes on data in a book or discourse act. Otherwise called a lexical word, lexical morpheme,â substantive class, or contentive. Contrast withâ function wordâ or syntactic word. In his book The Secret Life of Pronouns (2011), social clinician James W. Pennebaker grows this definition: Content words will be words that have a socially shared significance in naming an article or activity. . . . Content words are completely important to pass on a plan to another person. Content words-which incorporate things, lexical action words, descriptors, and intensifiers have a place with open classes of words: that is, new individuals are promptly included. The indication of a substance word, say Kortmann and Loebner, is the classification, or set, of all its possible referents (Understanding Semantics, 2014). Models and Observations All morphemes can be isolated into the classifications lexical [content] and syntactic [function]. A lexical morpheme has an implying that can be seen completely all by itself-{boy}, for instance, just as {run}, {green}, {quick}, {paper}, {large}, {throw}, and {now}. Things, action words, modifiers, and verb modifiers are commonplace sorts of lexical morphemes. Linguistic morphemes, then again, for example, {of}, {and}, {the}, {ness}, {to}, {pre}, {a}, {but}, {in}, and {ly}-can be seen totally just when they happen with different words in a sentence. (Thomas E. Murray, The Structure of English. Allyn and Bacon, 1995)Reverend Howard Thomasâ was the directing senior over an area in Arkansas, which included Stamps. (Maya Angelou, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings. Irregular House, 1969)Most individuals with low confidence have earned it. (George Carlin, Napalm Silly Putty. Hyperion, 2001)The odor of fish draped thick noticeable all around. (Jack Driscoll, Wanting Only to Be H eard. College of Massachusetts Press, 1995) Liberal and traditionalist have lost their importance in America. I speak to the occupied focus. (Jon Stewart) Capacity Words versus Content Words Syntactic words [function words] will in general be short: they are ordinarily of one syllable and many are spoken to in spelling by under three graphemes (I, he, do, on, or). Content words are longer and, except for bull and American Englishs hatchet, are spelt with at least three graphemes. This basis of length can likewise be stretched out to the creation of the two arrangements of words in associated discourse. Here linguistic words are regularly unstressed or for the most part de-underlined in articulation. (Paul Simpson, Language Through Literature. Routledge, 1997) All dialects make some differentiation between content words and capacity words. Content words convey distinct importance; things, action words, modifiers, and intensifiers are sorts of substance word. Capacity words are normally little words, and they signal relations between parts of sentences, or something about the down to business import of a sentence, for example regardless of whether it is an inquiry. Lewis Carrolls Jabberwocky sonnet delineates the qualification well: Twas brillig, and the slithy tovesDid gyre and gimble in the wabe:All mimsy were the borogoves,And the mome raths outgrabe. In this sonnet all the made-up words are content words; all the others are work words. In English, work words incorporate determiners, for example, the, a, my, your, pronouns (for example I, me, you, she, them), different helper action words (for example have, is, can, will do), planning conjunctions (and, or, however), and subjecting conjunctions (for example in the event that, when, as, in light of the fact that). Relational words are a marginal case. They have some semantic substance, however are a little shut class, permitting scarcely any chronicled advancement. Some English relational words serve an essentially linguistic capacity, as of (what is the significance of?) and others have clear descriptiveâ (and social) content, as under. New content words in a language canâ be promptly concocted; new things, specifically, are persistently being instituted, and new action words (for example Google, gazump) and descriptive words (for example naff, grungy) additionally not inconsi stently come into utilization. The little arrangement of capacity words in a language, conversely, is substantially more fixed and generally consistent over hundreds of years. (James R. Hurford, The Origins of Language: A Slim Guide. Oxford University Press, 2014) Content Words in Speech Commonly, the noticeable syllable in a tone unit will be a substance word (for example a thing or action word) instead of a capacity word (for example a relational word or article), since content words convey more importance than work words. Capacity words might be pushed if noticeable quality on them is logically justified. (Charles F. Meyer, Introducing English Linguistics. Cambridge University Press, 2010)

Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contamination - Essay Example â€Å"Total six percent of sea transport of the world is done through and on the shores of Red Sea. Red Sea is associated with Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Syria, Sudan, Israel, Yemen, and Djibouti. Not exclusively is the oceanic exchange, the travel industry additionally one of the most critical factors†. (Nasser, 2003). Red ocean is one astonishing waterway with high saltiness and brilliant marine life which pulls in hundreds and thousands of individuals from around the globe consistently. It is stuck among probably the most significant nations of the world, subsequently all the Tourism. In spite of all the excellence and utility, the security and endurance of the ocean is a significant concern. Red Sea’s coral reef, eco framework, and marine life is in peril due to the oil slick, squander dump by all the encompassing nations, compelling regular dissipation and absence of contribution by any streams, and last however not the least is nonattendance of mindfulness among the administration and capable individuals about the issue. Red Sea is not, at this point a scene of unadulterated nature and complete agreement. Superfluous structures as inns and cafés so as to suit travelers, has additionally lessened the common and amazement and excellence of the spot. The worries of the territory not limited. There are various issues influencing Red Sea. One of which is unhindered fishery. The connecting nations have been not able in achieving successful principles and guidelines for fishery and the outcome is vanishing of world’s valuable species and marine life. Aside from unhindered improvements of visitor resorts and unlimited fishery, Oil spill in the region is additionally an enormous concern. Since the ocean is a significant association interfacing Europe with Asia, it has various ships in waters at straights constantly and this causes strong contamination. One of the variables to be comprehended is that the Countries that encompass the ocean are oil rich nations. They trade oil and their oil rigs are continually present in the ocean and they

Decision Making in Hospitality Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Dynamic in Hospitality Industry - Essay Example As indicated by Kolb (1983, p109) the focal attributes of an association is that they are critical thinking frameworks, the achievement is estimated by how productively they take care of routine issues related with endurance and development in an evolving world. A difficult issue is one which is all around characterized and organized and one where a result is typically prescient. Difficult issues can be depicted as basic, very much characterized, limited and manageable. Difficult issues are the place; the issue is known, destinations are clear, needs are clear, information base exists, constrained individuals included and can be treated as a different issue, none or decision of clear arrangements accessible, simple to gauge achievement, regularly transient issues are included and are of restricted time scale. Instances of Hard Problems: information Analysis (pattern, relapse, dispersion and so forth. Line Modeling, Line adjusting (Bottleneck examination), Decision investigation and choice trees, Project Management methods, Business demonstrating and estimating, Route planning and area investigation, Production booking, staff planning. A delicate issue is a difficult which is intricate regarding structure, isn't all around characterized, include the social framework: communication of individuals and the result can't be anticipated. (After Hicks 1991). Delicate issues can be depicted as Complex, unbounded, badly characterized and chaotic. ... Line Modeling, Line adjusting (Bottleneck investigation), Decision examination and choice trees, Project Management strategies, Business displaying and anticipating, Route booking and area investigation, Production planning, staff planning. A delicate issue is a difficult which is mind boggling as far as structure, isn't all around characterized, include the social framework: connection of individuals and the result can't be anticipated. (After Hicks 1991). Delicate issues can be portrayed as Complex, unbounded, not well characterized and muddled. Delicate issues are the place the issues are not satisfactory, goals are not satisfactory, needs are not satisfactory, numerous individuals included, influences different regions/divisions, what to do isn't known, hard to quantify achievement, regularly medium to long haul issues, longer dubious time scale. Critical thinking: O' Loughlin and Mc Fadzeam (1999) recommend a few ways to deal with critical thinking: Psychological Processing Singular Traits - scholars accept that singular recognition may impact critical thinking execution. Contemplated activity point of view - centers around the connection between the planned conduct during the critical thinking process and the real conduct being watched Choice hypothesis - a procedure whereby the executives picks an answer for the issue from a scope of choices utilizing quantitative information investigation. Hierarchical quality - an endeavor is made to clarify authoritative critical thinking terms of an associations physical properties Gathering critical thinking - in organizations issues are explained in bunches the aftereffect of gathering thinking. The way toward taking care of difficult issues: 1) Data Gathering: Data should be accumulated on exercises, assets, expenses and limitations. 2) Generation of Ideas/Plans: Activities should be organized. While

Essay Topics to Use to Help You Finish Your Work

Essay Topics to Use to Help You Finish Your WorkHere are a few basic essay topics you can use to help you finish your assignment without having to worry about writing long pieces. These topics will help you keep your thoughts concise and less complicated. If you find yourself writing a lot more, you may want to consider taking some short-term courses or reading a book or two on the topic.The first of these topics is going to be on your own subject. This should be one that relates to your major. You can choose from any type of major you choose - biology, computer science, arts, etc. Your own field of interest will probably determine your topic. This may help you with the amount of information you need to give and how much you write.Another topic, you can use is one related to an ongoing story. This would be a mystery story with a conclusion. Or maybe you have been told something about someone and now want to tell their side of the story. This could easily be the topic for your essay.T hen you can turn to your industry. Whether it is a doctor, lawyer, etc. you can use this as the topic for your essay.Finally, another thing you can use as a topic is on people in general. You can also include a subject about yourself and then write about yourself. This way, you will not have to worry about writing about everything on your resume. If you feel that is too much to deal with, you can just read through some basic books and magazines on the topic.After all of these, the last one is one where you are specifically talking about a specific topic. This is very useful if you are talking about a specific thing or event. For example, if you are researching, you may want to write about that particular subject. Or, if you are writing about how to fix a problem, this is a good topic.There are many different essay topics that you can use to help you get through your assignment, but always be sure to keep in mind that you don't want to include too much detail. If you do not have a ve ry strong topic idea, then you may want to take some time to think about the one you have always wanted to write about.

The Arab-Israeli Conflict Essay - 3003 Words

In 1948 the Jewish state of Israel was created out of the land of Palestine; the homeland of many Arabs who have lived there since the middle ages. Since then there has been continual conflict between the Arabs and the Israelis. From about 1500 BC, the Jewish people have lived in the land of Palestine. In the first century AD, Palestine was controlled by the powerful Romans. In AD 70 and again in AD 135 the Jews revolted against their Roman Rulers. The Romans crushed both the revolts severely and destroyed the city of Jerusalem, which included most of the temple, and expelled them from their lands. The Jews fled to all corners of the Roman Empire over the next two hundred years and many†¦show more content†¦The Jews (or Israelites) had lived there nearly 2500 years before and where several thousands still remained. However it was not all Jews who wanted to have their homeland, the majority of Jews, who lived in Western Europe and the United States were happy where they lived, it was only a small number, mainly from Russia who desired this â€Å"Promised Land†. So between 1880 and 1914, 60 000 Zionists, so called because Zion is the Jewish name for Jerusalem, settled in Palestine. There the y bought land and started to farm and build houses. At this time, Britain needed America to enter the First World War, so they told the Zionist leaders in America (which had a high Jewish population) that if America entered the war they would support the creation of a Jewish state. So America entered the war. The trouble had begun. The Arabs had been in Palestine and the Middle East since the seventh century AD when they swept across the Middle East and North Africa from their homeland. In their empire they spread their new found religion of Islam by force and settled. Then in the sixteenth century the expanding Turks, who were Muslims but not Arabs, conquered much of the Middle East. The native Arabs were forced to pay taxes and provide soldiers for the Turkish army. The First World War was a turningShow MoreRelatedThe Arab-Israeli Conflict1427 Words   |  6 PagesThe Arab-Israeli dispute is among the centermost issues facing the Middle East today. The conflict itself has spawned a number of wars, myriad militant skirmishes, and several embargos, as well as a lasting peace between Israel and a number of its former opponents. The conflict today is waged primarily between Israelis and the Arab Palestinians that inhabit Israeli territory. The Arab-Israeli dispute is rooted in the separate movements of Zionism and Arab-nationalism. Zionism is an historical movementRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Conflict Essay1263 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to an apocryphal story, Pope John Paul once said that he believes there are two possible solutions to the Arab-Israeli conflict, the realistic and the miraculous. The realistic being divine intervention, and the miraculous being a voluntary agreement by both parties. On September 13th, 1993, it looked like the miraculous had happened when the Oslo Accords were signed by Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) Chairman Yasser Arafat on the White HouseRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Conflict883 Words   |  4 PagesMy chosen subteam for this negotiation is based on a Fundamentalist Christians opinion. As I had the chance to learn previously, Christians fully support the relocation of Jews in this conflict. This is because one of the main roots of the Arab-Israeli Conflict starts by  the Movement of Zionism. The Bible is interpreted by man y religions in many different ways, however the Christian Zionists belief in a series of Biblical Philosophies and Prophecies. Some of this prophecies are events that have alreadyRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Arab Israeli Conflict1420 Words   |  6 Pageswords have been devoted to the topic of Israel and the underlying causes of the Arab-Israeli conflict; all of which seek to discern the culprit and contrive a remedy. The story behind this age old conflict is, as quoted by Israeli historian Illan Pappe, â€Å"the simple but horrific story of the ethnic cleansing of Palestine† (qtd. In â€Å"The Catastrophe†). As such, thorough review of the causes behind this ethnocentric conflict is vital in understanding the tumultuous power struggle in Israel and the violentRead MoreArab Israeli Conflict 883 Words   |  4 Pages1.1 WHAT IS THE ARAB ISRAELI CONFLICT? The Arab-Israeli conflict is a hotly contested issue both in the Middle East and the broader global community.1 The modern conflict is essentially a dispute over the area known up until 1948 as Palestine, which is considered holy to all three major monotheistic religions.2 The primary parties in the conflict are Israeli (formerly Zionist) Jews and Palestinian Arabs (who are predominately Muslim).3 It is one of the unresolved problems bequeathed to the regionRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Conflict And Arab Palestinian Conflict3221 Words   |  13 PagesThe  Arab–Israeli conflict  is the political and military conflict between the nation of Israel and specific Arab countries. The Arab–Israeli conflict began in the late 19th century as a result of the rise of Zionism and Arab nationalism. The two sides have fought over land that both parties regard as their holy land. The Jews looked to reclaim the land promised to them by God after their escape from slavery in Egypt. The Arabs, who already resided on and owned the land, looked to maintain their ownershipRead MoreThe Arab Israeli Conflict Of Palestine Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe Arab-Israeli conflict began in 1948, when the British Mandate over Palestine ended. Resulting in the proclamation that established the Jewish state in Eretz Israel. The conflict was a struggle between the Jewish state or Israel and the Arabs of the Middle East concerning the territory and control over Palestine. The geographical area and political status of Palestine has changed dramatically over the years, but the region as always been considered Holy Land. This Holy Land is sacred among theRead MoreThe Arab-Israeli Conflict Essays649 Words   |  3 Pages The current conflict in the Middle East between the Israeli Jews and the Palestinian Arabs has many historical roots. Several events in the history of this conflict have been very important and also have a strong connection with the current situation between the two sides. One of these important events was the Nazi Holocaust. During the Second World War the Jews were persecuted by the Nazis and sent to concentration camps. By the end of the war in 1945 6 million JewsRead MoreThe Arab-Israeli Conflict Essay1856 Words   |  8 Pages Your Name Pol 340-01 March 20, 2008 Term Paper The Arab- Israeli Conflict The Arab- Israeli Conflict is a conflict between the Arab and Jewish people in the Middle East over Israel and Palestine. This conflict has led to wars and millions of displaced people. This particular conflict has historical origins in the lives of the Arab and Jewish people. â€Å"The beginning of Zionism and the Arab-Israeli Conflict explain the basic principles of this complicated dispute†(Frankel 17)Read MoreArab-Israeli Conflict Essay717 Words   |  3 PagesWestern media outlets play a huge role in the public’s understanding of the Arab-Israeli conflict. The way people gather their news is very diverse now. The Reuters Institute for Study of Journalism Digital News Report (2017), have shown that the majority of millennials receive their news from Facebook, and social media. The issue with receiving news intel from many news outlets today, is the articles are often bias. Facebook has algorithms, that often caters different news to your own opinions,

Financial Crisis And Global Economy - 933 Words

Companies are facing a highly uncertain environment due to financial-crisis and global economy. Regardless high-competitiveness markets, organizations foresee as a priority become an intelligent enterprise leveraging people, process, data and technology through establishing strategic plans. The strategic planning is a complex process of collectivity efforts between executives, middle managers and employees. Organizations endure several factors during this practice depending of the maturity life cycle, complexity, sector and clear definition of the future stage. For some organizations â€Å"Getting Ready† could be challenging due to lack of leadership, which plays an important role and some visionaries assume as an obvious process for supporting and alignment, but if the leaders display less interest to change the mind-set; the strategic plan will not be articulated and deployed. Besides, leaders contribution and engagement for ongoing vision, vision, values and goals are crucial. Regardless the systemized chaos and knowledge rush in organizations, create a proper culture for paradigm change has become essential to enable the vision. If the organization does not visualize the goal in making real and tame the chaos, the uncertain will increase and the plan effectiveness decreased, and organization will struggle with quality, cost increase, low productivity, and facing instability. Another factor is employment engagement and clear communication, if the employees does not feelShow MoreRelatedGlobal Financial Crisis And Its Effects On The Global Economy1900 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The global financial crisis had a profound on the financial markets leading to recession in a majority of advanced economies and massive growth declines emerging and developing economies. A financial crisis occurs when disruption increases asymmetric information in the financial system affecting efficient channeling of funds (Mishkin Eakins, 2012). The information asymmetry disrupts the transmission of funds from savers to productive investments and households. The profound natureRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis And The Macro Economy1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The global financial crisis has attracted considerable attention in recent literature. It is well known that the true origins of this financial crisis is that the over-borrowing of US households, especially to finance housing. It had serious affected the financial sector and the macro-economy. According to Shiller (2007), the main reason of the sub-prime mortgage crisis and the worldwide economic and financial crisis of 2007-2009 is the housing bubble. He also believes that the precedingRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Hits The World Economy2301 Words   |  10 PagesGoing global was common for almost every company out there, until the year 2008 when the global financial crisis hits the world’s economy. The global economy since then entered into a new phase of globalization, known as ‘guarded globalization’. Developing nations began defending their local industry, and became more cautious when allowing multinational companies to operate in its soil (Bremmer 2 014). They heightened their national security, recognizing the importance of more sectors and taking measurementsRead MoreHow The Financial Crisis Has Significant Influence On The Global Economy1348 Words   |  6 Pages The financial crisis had significant influence on the global economy in 2008. China is a typical example in economic shock. For example, financial crisis affect the economy of China’s coastal areas badly, causing many businesses closed down. In the meantime, the credit crisis broke out due to the fact that the large number of using credit card is beyond the self-repayable ability, therebyRead MoreGlobal Economy Is Finally Stabilizing Following The Global Financial Crisis And Great Recession1084 Words   |  5 PagesThe global economy is finally stabilizing following the global financial crisis and Great Recession. Our base-case outlook for average an nual real growth between 2015 and 2020 is between 3 and 4 percent Lower global commodity prices are an important factor supporting stronger economic growth. Although economies that are dependent on commodity exports may suffer, lower input prices for industry as well as lower fuel prices for households will provide a boost to aggregate demand and global growth.Read MoreGlobal Economy : Global Economic Crisis1249 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Economic Crisis Introduction Trade among countries has been an important accelerator of economic growth. It has created employment opportunities for many people in the world. However, due to this trade-like financial openness the economy is exposed to external shocks. In 2008, the U.S.-originated financial turmoil threatened the global capitalist system. All countries in the world were affected. The repercussions of the turmoil widespread around the globe resulted in various issues in theRead MoreWhy India Recovered Quickly From The 2008 Global Crisis Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesIndia recovered quickly from the 2008 global crisis? Vivek Shah MBA AF 629 December 12, 2016 Introduction It’s the most heard term about the global economy in the recent years and it’s the year we have been always hearing about its 2008. We all have been a part of it in some or the other way and all the major economies had been affected by the global turmoil which eventually lead to the worst situation after the Great depression of 1929. The sub-prime crisis in USA which lead to great recessionRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Financial Crisis1122 Words   |  5 Pagesreceivables and other financial assets are pooled together, with their cash flows or economic values redirected support payments on related securities.† â€Å"Securitization first emerged in the 1970s with the sale of securities backed by residential mortIn the 21st century, economic problems have incurred an increasing number of people s attention as the economic develop rapidly, and these problems are usually caused by human themselves. For instance, the occurrence of Global Financial Crisis (GFC) in 20 07Read MoreThe World Experienced A Tremendous Financial Crisis Essay1131 Words   |  5 Pagestremendous financial crisis which rooted from the U.S housing market; moreover, it is considered by many economists as one of the worst recession since the Great Depression in 1930s. After posing a huge effect on the U.S economy, the financial crisis expanded to Europe and the rest of the world. It brought governments down, ruined economies, crumble financial corporations and impoverish individual lives. For example, the financial crisis has resulted in the collapse of massive financial institutionsRead MoreThe Financial Crisis And The G20 Essay1456 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The collapse of the financial market in the United States created an accelerated momentum that pushed the global economy towards a detrimental downward spiral during 2008. In response to the crisis, the world’s top economies created the G20 leaders’ forum in order to manage the financial downturn. Although the crisis was somewhat managed by the G20, the Great Recession left the world with a weak and stagnate global economy. The rise of secular stagnation was a viable threat following

The Loma Prieta Earthquake free essay sample

There is a lot that happens around the world we cannot control. We cannot stop earthquakes, we cannot prevent droughts, and we cannot prevent conflict. Earthquakes and the damages they bring have affected the lives of many people around the world forever. As our community grows so does the danger caused by these quakes also increases by mass. Earthquakes can affect our lives in many ways; this type of natural disaster can upset everything from small towns to huge metropolitan areas. Speaking of places, On October 17, 1989 the Loma Prieta earthquake struck the San Francisco Bay Area. It had killed 62 people, injured 3,756 others and left more than 12,000 people homeless. This earthquake had affected everyone in the area; here are some victims of this earthquake, Carol Bold and Michael . I secretly wanted my town to float out to sea. Maybe I have a longing desire for isolation, or religious aspirations for disaster, these were the exact words Carol Bold had said when she was at a very young age. We will write a custom essay sample on The Loma Prieta Earthquake or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Loma Prieta earthquake had struck when she was in preschool. She says she still remembers the event vividly. In paragraph two from the article Loma Preta Earthquake stories, she had mentioned â€Å"We lunged under the tables with innocent chuckles, staring as every motionless object in the room suddenly burst into dance. And just like that it was over. † This quote basically had said everything was flying, if not shaking. For some odd reason Carol Bold was way too young to understand what was going on however she new Part of the double-decker bridge collapsed upon itself, as well as a 50-foot strip of the Bay Bridge. San Francisco’s Marina District basically crumbled under its lousy urban planning of building houses on top of landfill she had finished saying. When she got home no one was hurt, Carol Bold was lucky unlike the 62 that had been killed, 3,756 injured and many others who were left without a home. Unfortunately for Michael and his family weren’t as lucky as Crol Bold. Michael was at work while his son named David who was 18 along with his wife was at home. David had called his dad saying his new car got destroyed by the chimney and the house was destroyed by the trees colliding into each other. Michal couldn’t have believed it but in his story he had mentioned that when David was in his room he was thrown on to the floor and a large dresser fell on top of him. Meanwhile his wife was in the kitchen and everything was flying at her. Michal also said his neighbor wasn’t as lucky, she had blood all over, and apparently the quake shattered an older plate glass window and cut her badly. Michal was fortunate no one in the family was hurt. He even mentioned â€Å"he felt very fortunate that he had the chance to talk to his wife and for a little and could only imagine what these others felt who had no communication with their families at home. Overall the two people I had introduced could have had the worst. Some earthquakes result in a fire that damages buildings or homes. If one doesnt have insurance, a fire as a result of an earthquake would leave them without a home or possessions. For years after the incident, people still could have no homes or anything in their name. Moreover, a sudden earthquake can destabilize slopes causing a landslide. Everyone can be buried alive, and houses are immediately surrounded. Rebuilding on an environment after an extensive landslide can be impossible. The Loma Prieta Earthquake didn’t just affect the San Francisco Bay Area; it also was a major political. Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster (VOAD) was able to direct donations to where they were needed such as Santa Cruz, Monterey, Alameda, and San Francisco. Many organizations and agency offered to help: Southern Baptists, Seventh Day Adventists, St. Vincent de Paul Society, Mennonite Disaster Services, Salvation Army, CRWRC, and Second Harvest Food Bank. Despite massive efforts by both the government and the Red Cross, there were many misunderstanding flowing among the victims, which had caused them to delay request. Phew of the misunderstanding were, that the people didn’t understand were sectors of help that the Red Cross could do, and there was only a limit supply for everyone person. The National Research Council and Earthquake Engineering Research Institute are to be congratulated for conceiving and sponsoring a symposium on practical lessons from an earthquake (L. Thomas Tobi, paragraph 1). After all events such as, earthquakes we as humans can learn from what we can do next time to reduce the destruction as well as to get prepared for the worst. Basically this article starts off with; focusing on practical lessons is a beginning to what we need to do as individuals. Not just as a community but it should be a state regulation. We need to designs our homes, our offices in such ways it will do fewer damages. We must add building officials, city councils, boards of supervisors, and state legislators to expand effort. We know how to build a bridge to resist earthquakes, now we have to just design what’s a better way to do it. Like I said what should be done to prepare any city for another earthquake is we as a nation have to work with each other, to come to an agreement of what shell be done and what we can make better.

Top 3 Misconceptions International Students Have About College Interviews

The college application process isn’t over once you submit your application - you still have the college interview. This might be common knowledge to domestic students applying to U.S. colleges, but not to the international applicants. With the rise in number of international applicants, wants to share the most common misconceptions international students have about the college interview.Misconception No. 1: Interviews Arent Available to International Applicants. This isn’t true! You won’t believe how many alumni there are all over the world. Many of them have volunteered to interview college students no matter where they are. If no one reached out to you about a college interview from a specific school, email the admissions office and follow up! Take it from this international students from Moldova and China:thebottle: I did interviews with MIT, Princeton, Upenn, Brown and UChicago. All of these were quite relaxed and interesting. I had the longest interview with Princeton, because the interviewing alumnus was a former physics Olympiad participant, so we discussed a lot about Math/Science Olympiads. We discussed several topics, including future career plans and how Olympiad participation may boost my chances. All interviews followed the same pattern: I began with the short introduction, then general questions followed, and finally I was able to ask my questions about the university. During the interview I always had a short wor d document guide on my screen. I jotted down main points of my biography and main questions I’d like to ask. This little cheat-sheet helped me to stay concentrated during the interview. The most standard questions are: What do you like? Why did you choose our university? How do your skills and interests correspond to opportunities offered by our university? However, MIT followed a bit more creative pattern. Instead of asking a bunch of direct questions, they gave me time to introduce myself and then asked several thinking-out-of-the-box questions. I had to explain what I would do with ten millions of dollars, what I find exciting about engineering and ultimately how I would manifest myself in the MIT environment.Misconception No. 2: It’s a one-sided interview. This is a general misconception that many international students fall for, because of the lack of information available about college interviews. The interview isn’t just designed for the college to find o ut more about you. It’s also for you to learn more about the school, especially on topics that you might not be able to find out about otherwise (like campus life, academics, and more). These students from Hong Kong and China talk about their experiences: kingcooper: I interviewed with most of the schools that I applied to, and for most of them, I would say the interviewer really told me what kind of school it was and whether or not it would be a right fit for me. Yale has always been my first choice, but after interviewing with them, I lost a significant amount of interest. I graduated top of my class and have always been active with basically every type of extracurricular, so I am not inadequate by any means, but I must also admit that I know that I am not the best. However, the interviewer I had for Yale had already made her mind up before I said anything. She was super condescending the entire time and didnt seem like she wanted to be there. s Sample Free Profile! In comparison, the interviewers I met for Vanderbilt, WUSTL, Georgetown, and GW were all extremely nice. The difference was they were all excited about the school that they went to. As much as this interview is for them to get to know more about you, it is also for you, as an applicant, to get to know the school, the type of people that went there, and to get you excited to want to go there. So, go to your interviews prepared, knowing what kind of school it is, and just be yourself.a.little.pebble (Cornell 17):I interviewed with a lot of schools; off the top of my head, I remember Georgetown (my first interview; Im still in contact with my interviewer), Harvard, Yale, MIT, Princeton, and Penn. Interviews were held in libraries and coffee shops; they typically ranged from 30 minutes to, on one memorable occasion, one and a half hours (it only ended because the cafe was closing). The best advice is the most commonly given advice: be yourself. As cliche as it sounds, it is immensely hel pful; interviewers are genuinely interested in who you are as a person, and this is your chance to show who you are off paper. Be passionate, be excitable; make your interviewer feel how enthusiastic you are towards subjects that interest you, because universities want passionate students who will shape the world in the future.Misconception no. 3: Not having a college interview will hurt your chances. The college interview isn’t a requirement, but an added bonus to your college application. Don’t panic if you didn’t get a chance to interview! There are times where there are no alumni interviewers available for in person or Skype interviews, but there are still other ways you can communicate with the school you are applying to. Listen to what Pearle, an international student from Nigeria, had to say about her experience: Pearle:None, being an international student doesnt really offer a lot of opportunities for interviews. So, I mostly communicated via email.This is very important, I actually check my email every 30 mins now out of habit, which helped because some schools communicate quickly regardless of time difference and I know my been timely with responses made it easier for applications review and financial aid questions. Also,check out their social media site,this shows enthusiasm for the school. Whether you’re just starting your search or you’re looking for help applying, it’s never too early to make the college application process easier.Searchto find students like you orcontact a mentorfor help with the admissions process so you can narrow down your choices and get a head start.

Avoid Awkward Joint Possessives

Avoid Awkward Joint Possessives Avoid Awkward Joint Possessives Avoid Awkward Joint Possessives By Maeve Maddox Sometimes the best way to deal with conundrums of jointly owned possessions is to retreat and rewrite, especially when one of the owners is represented by a pronoun. When the owners are named, the rule is straightforward enough: When two nouns are used to indicate common ownership, the sign of possession is placed after the second noun: â€Å"This is a picture of John and Mary’s house.† (two people own one house) When two nouns are used to show separate ownership, add the sign of possession to both nouns: â€Å"John’s and Mary’s cars are in the garage.† (two people, separate cars) These rules work with multiple owners, as long as they are all mentioned by name: â€Å"This is a picture of Sam and Jill and John and Mary’s time-share cottage.† (All four have joint ownership of the cottage.) â€Å"Sam’s, Jill’s, John’s, and Mary’s boats are tied to the dock.† (four separate owners of four separate boats) Once we try to replace a name with a pronoun/possessive adjective, however, things start getting uncomfortable. Refresher: Possessive adjectives are pronoun forms that indicate possession; they do not stand for nouns, but stand in front of nouns, like adjectives: my house /our house your house his house, her house, its house/ their house If we change â€Å"This is a picture of John and Mary’s house† to â€Å"This is a picture of John and her house,† we invite ambiguity. Is it a picture of a house belonging to John and Mary, or a picture of John standing by some woman’s house? The usual way an English speaker would get round the problem would be to say â€Å"This is a picture of John’s and her house.† But this would break the rule that reserves the mark of possession for the last partner in the joint construction, although few speakers would fret about it. It’s when pronouns replace both nouns in a joint possession that rewriting the sentence altogether is called for. The following examples were taken from the media: The Chancellor will talk about he and his wife’s relationship. The body was found in her car at she and Kidd’s home in Harrison. The first example is from TV. The use of he is completely out of the ballpark because he is a personal pronoun, not a possessive adjective. We don’t say, â€Å"he wife† or â€Å"he relationship.† The announcer could have avoided the problem by rephrasing the thought as â€Å"The Chancellor will talk about his relationship with his wife,† or â€Å"The Chancellor will talk about his marriage.† The second example is from a news item about a man named Kidd who was suspected of killing his wife. Kidd’s wife had a different surname, a fact that apparently bothered the editor who changed the reporter’s original copy from â€Å"The woman’s body was found in her car at their home in Harrison† to â€Å"The body was found in her car at she and Kidd’s home in Harrison.† As with the first example, a personal pronoun is being used in place of a possessive adjective. We can talk about â€Å"her home,† but not â€Å"she home.† Explaining joint possession can be tricky. Take time to rephrase. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101How Long Should a Paragraph Be?Particular vs. Specific

Femicide, the deliberate killing of females Speech or Presentation

Femicide, the deliberate killing of females - Speech or Presentation Example The researcher states that beside misogyny, there can be other motives for the killing of females which include pleasure, anger, revenge, malice, jealousy, arguments, separation, sexual assault, robbery, and the exuberant feeling of finally being dominant and triumphant over a female. In terms of the perpetrator, it could be any male such as the father, the husband, a boyfriend, a close friend, an acquaintance, a brother, a lover, or even a complete stranger. In almost all cases, there is a gender-related issue behind the killing and usually accompanied by a victim-perpetrator type of relationship and a prior history of either verbal, psychological, or physical violence. This is a gender-selective violence that often includes the rape, torture, and mutilation of victims. Femicide can be viewed within the larger context of the gender wars as manifestation of a stringent form of anti-feminism, designed to terrorize women into submission. It is also a part of the larger cultural context where women are expected to be pure, submissive, always ready to obey the wishes of the men, and especially in the Chicano culture, to adhere to three Marias concept and avoid being labeled into the third Maria category. What is happening at the Ciudad Juarez in Mexico is a very visible form of this bias against the female gender. As stated earlier in the previous page, there are many motivations in femicide. In the global context where religious and social norms can take a jaundiced view of female killings such as honor killings in many under-developed countries, a female who committed a sin that is seen to dishonor the family can redeem such honor by becoming the ultimate sacrifice. The male family members will even do the actual killing or consent to it if perpetrated by another person, as family honor is the paramount consideration only and not suffer from shame. The problem of femicide is a global phenomenon, although world attentions is much focused on what is presently happening in Ciudad Juarez due to the activists and feminists. It forms a part of the larger problem of human rights violations, and in particular, the violations of women's rights and the curtailment of those rights by whatever means necessary. Femicide can be seen as social prejudice against females, going back to antiquity when monarchies are passed down from generation to the next generation by primogeniture, or right of a first male offspring to inherit the kingdom through the divine right to rule. This bias also manifests in a lot of modern institutions, where previously only males were qualified and accepted, such as the military organizations in prior years which barred all women from combat roles or assuming command positions. The Catholic Church is example of this gender discrimination, not allowing women priests to be ordained and serve. India and China both have a strong cultural

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Discussion - Assignment Example It is unfortunate that judges and other top government officials have personal immunity, which comes by professional courtesy and law. After one going through several blogs, one realizes that tyranny is greatly used as a strategy and the best example to illustrate this is the fact that Hamilton had tactics that worked with regard to tyranny. It is obvious that words are not sufficient and there must be true change in the United States of America when it comes to industrial espionage since the threat is not overblown. The main reason behind the US changing is the intelligent activity that the United States gathers foreign intelligence similar to that gathered by all nations globally. Being the superpower country, there must be some data protection, which can only happen with the help of changing the industrial espionage. Having data protection will be beneficial to almost every American citizen but mostly the leaders. Claims that America spies on other nations mean that the threat is not overblown but true change in industrial espionage will cover up

Toyota Prius Hybrid Marketing Plan Essay Example for Free

Toyota Prius Hybrid Marketing Plan Essay As Americans become increasingly more concerned about global warming, many are making choices about the vehicles they drive based on fuel economy and tail pipe emissions. Hybrid sales have increased 313% from 84,199 cars in 2004, to 347,102 in 2007. Driving a hybrid might make people feel better for helping the environment, but is it really better for our planet? The answer it seems, is, â€Å"it depends. † It depends on who is doing the evaluating and what the criteria are. When I started this analysis, I expected to find overwhelming evidence in favor of one category or another. Instead what I found was a lot of confusing information. The confusion arose because different groups focused on different aspects. Most analysis focused either on economics, (i. e. how much money the owner would save over time) or consumption, (i. e. how many gallons of fuel the car would consume over its useful life), but in nearly all cases, the analysis was confined to the period of time during which the car would be driven. What went into making the car and what happens to it after it’s been abandoned by its owners was largely ignored, and I suspect it’s ignored because it’s so hard to evaluate. I found this to be a very consistent theme in the rating systems of all products I’ve researched. Even Energy Star, which ranks household appliances, focuses on energy consumption during use, but the energy to produce, estimated useful life and eventual disposal, is largely ignored. This leads to an incomplete and sometimes inconsistent perspective to consumers. One organization that focuses on the full life cycle analysis of automobiles is CNW Marketing in Bandon, Oregon. Founded in 1984, CNW is a for profit market research company that specializes in the automotive industry. In 2001, they pioneered a life cycle analysis of the auto industry in an annual report they called, â€Å"Dust to Dust†. 2 In this report, CNW collected data on the energy consumed to plan, build, sell, drive and eventually dispose of a vehicle. They followed it from initial concept to the junk yard. They even took into consideration small details such as the distance from manufacturing plant to dealership, the average distances between employees’ homes and the factory where the cars were built. They also considered the method of transportation employees take to get to work, (i. e if mass transit was available and utilized). Worth noting is that CNW excluded economics from their analysis. The economic cost to build a car and run and maintain it was completely ignored. Also ignored were the environmental impacts of materials. If one car required less energy to produce but incorporated hazardous substances, it scored better than a car that required more energy but used benign materials. CNW focused strictly on energy consumption. For 2007, 284 cars were evaluated. The average energy rating for all cars was 2. 54 per mile. The car with the highest energy cost was the Mercedes Maybach, with an energy factor of 15.97. The car with the lowest energy cost was the Mercedes Smart Car, with a score of 0. 58. Worth noting was the average for all hybrids was 3. 41, which was significantly worse than the average. The best in the hybrid group was the Toyota Prius which scored 2. 19. According to their analysis, hybrid vehicles cost more in terms of overall energy consumed than conventional cars. One of the reasons hybrids score so poorly is because of their complexity to manufacture, repair, replace, and dispose of batteries and electric motors, (which exists in addition to a conventional engine). Hybrids are also more difficult to recycle. For example, the Honda Accord hybrid scored 4. 23, but the regular non hybrid Accord with a conventional gasoline engine scored a 1. 96. Over the course of its lifetime, the Accord hybrid is expected to consume more than twice the energy of it non-hybrid sibling. The non hybrid has a 2. 4 liter, four cylinder motor rated at 166 horsepower. The hybrid has a 3. 0 liter, six cylinder engine rated at 255 horsepower. The hybrid also has an additional electric motor and batteries. The hybrid achieves 29 miles per gallon in the city and 37 miles per 3 gallon highway as compared to 25 in the city and 35 on the highway for the non hybrid. The hybrid version cost almost $10,000 more than the non-hybrid. Again, economics were not considered in the study, but the price alone should give some indication of the cars increased complexity. In 2008, Honda abandoned manufacture of the Accord Hybrid. The Backlash.. CNW’s automotive research was sold largely to the auto industry executives and companies that supply the auto industry. It wasn’t until 2005, when word got out that CNW’s annual â€Å"Dust to Dust† report listed the Hummer H3 as reportedly â€Å"better for the environment† than the Toyota Prius, that the company gained widespread attention. Environmentalists were outraged. They demanded that the details of the analysis be made public for further scrutiny. CNW is a for-profit organization that charges a fee for their analysis. They believed that publishing their calculations would open them up to competition they would rather avoid. They did disclose some information to the general public and their critics. CNW also pointed out that they never said the Hummer was better for the environment, only that it would consume less energy from a cradle to grave perspective. In fairness to CNW’s critics, the life cycle energy rating is largely dependent on the products useful life. The Hummer was assumed to have a useful life of 200,000 miles, whereas the Prius was assumed to have a useful life of only 109,000 miles. The environmentalists believed that these â€Å"projected life cycle miles† were unsubstantiated and pointed out that a small change in miles can have a huge effect on the overall energy rating. CNW countered that their mileage were real world estimates based on actual driving conditions and interviews with owners. After interviewing many Prius owners, CNW determined that the average miles driven were only 6,700 per year. This equated to a useful life of just over 16 years, which CNW pointed out exceeded Toyota’s life expectancy for the Prius’ batteries, which is between 10 and 15 years. 4 The same criticism was noted for the Honda Accord as well. The hybrid Accord was assumed to have a useful life of 117,000 miles, whereas the non hybrid Accord had a useful life of 209,000 miles. Change the miles and the ratings can change quite dramatically. CNW continues to point out that if what is important to consumers is fuel economy and tail pipe emissions, then hybrids do make sense during their useful life, but taking into consideration the â€Å"bigger picture†, hybrids don’t measure up where most consumers think they should. Many consumers perceive sport utility vehicles as â€Å"bad† because of their lower fuel economy and perceived inefficiency as a method of transportation, but many of these vehicles are easy to produce, have a long useful life and are easy to dissemble / recycle. So, their impact on the environment is not as bad as originally thought. CNW also points out that like many other things, the simplest design is often the best design and the cars that score best on CNW’s list are simple, low technology cars, that have long useful lives. Keep in mind that CNW ignored economics and the environmental impact of materials used. Had CNW incorporated an auto manufacturer’s monetary investment of profits into green technology versus another’s deliberate use of hazardous materials, it would have made the analysis incredibly complicated. If anything, the controversy surrounding CNW’s report illustrates out how difficult it is to assess the overall green nature of any product. Energy Life Cycle Assessment – CNW’s 10 Most Efficient versus Hybrids Top 10 Most Efficient Cars 2007 Models Dust to Dust Per Mile Mercedes SMART 0. 583 Saturn Ion 0. 621 Ford Focus 0. 621 Chevy Cavalier 0. 655 Jeep Wrangler 0. 656 Scion xB 0. 683 Chevy Aveo 0. 693 Scion xA 0. 713 Pontiac Sunfire 0. 732 Toyota Corolla 0. 748 Industry Average All Models 2. 538 All Hybrids 2007 Models Dust to Dust Per Mile Toyota Prius 2. 191 Ford Escape Hybrid 2. 747 Honda Civic Hybrid 2. 943 Toyota Camry Hybrid 3. 042 Toyota Highlander Hybrid 3. 078 Ford Mercury Mariner Hybrid 3. 412 Honda Accord Hybrid 4. 228 Lexus GS450h 4. 365 Lexus RX400h 4. 661 Hybrid Average 3. 407 5 The Electric Movement. In 2010, Chevrolet is expected to introduce the Volt, a car that can be recharged like a cell phone and travel 40 miles on electricity before using any fuel. GM hopes that those with short commutes can use the car solely on battery power. Again, what’s not taken into consideration is the â€Å"bigger picture† of where the electricity comes from. Just because it appears clean when it’s recharging, doesn’t mean that things aren’t getting dirty somewhere else. A study in 2003 by the Institute for Lifecycle of Assessment determined that if an electric vehicle is recharged via a power plant that uses coal as its primary fuel source, than the impact to the environment would be no better than a conventional gasoline engine. According to the US Department of Energy, in 2006, the US derived 49% of its total electrical power from coal. The state of Pennsylvania derived 56% of its electrical power from coal. Again, these are both averages for both the US and the state of Pennsylvania. Energy source may differ by location within a state. I live in Vineland, New Jersey. Vineland has its own power utility. It is 100% coal fired. Choices, Choices Everywhere Gas? Electric? Ethanol? Alcohol? Diesel? Hybrid? With all the choices and incomplete information available to consumers, which choice is best, (and practical), for consumers who are interested in a sustainable energy source that minimizes harm to the planet? Other, 2. 1% Hy dro Electric, 1. 3% Nuclear, 34. 4% Natural Gas, 6. 2% Coal, 56. 0% Pennsylvania Energy by Source Other, 4. 5% Hydro Electric, 7. 1% Nuclear, 19. 4% Natural Gas, 20. 0% Coal, 49. 0% U. S. Energy by Source 6 In my personal opinion, the best energy choice for transportation that is currently available is biodiesel. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel manufactured from vegetable oils, animal fats and recycled cooking oils. It can be burned in any current vehicle with a diesel engine as a replacement to conventional petroleum based diesel fuel. To make biodiesel, (see above), a catalyst, (Sodium Hydroxide), is used to mix methanol and vegetable oil to separate the glycerin. The end result is mainly a mixture of biodiesel and glycerin, with a small amount of methanol and fertilizer. The fertilizer is used in agricultural production. The methanol is returned back to the process input. The glycerin is a byproduct used in the manufacture of soaps and cosmetics. Making biodiesel may seem complicated, but it is not, and can be done by anyone with limited knowledge of chemistry. Vegetable oils can be new or used and purchased from a grocery store or taken for free as waste oil from most restaurants. Methanol is made from methane, a naturally occurring chemical in the atmosphere that is caused when bacteria break down organic compounds. Methanol is also a commonly used racing fuel and can be purchased in bulk from fuel suppliers. The catalyst, Sodium Hydroxide, is the technical name for lye. Lye is also a natural product that is used in the manufacture of soap. It can be purchased as a drain cleaner available in most hardware stores. Those three ingredients and a little bit of heat are all that is needed to make biodiesel. Methanol or Alcohol 12% Process Input Catalyst (Lye) 1% Vegetable Oil 87% Vegetable OilMethanol or AlcoholCatalyst (Lye) Process Output Methanol or Glycerin 9% Alcohol 4% Fertilizer 1% Biodiesel 86% BiodieselGlycerinMethanol or AlcoholFertilizer 7 Biodiesel is significantly better for the environment than conventional diesel because it is made from renewable resources and has lower emissions than petroleum diesel. It is less toxic than household table salt and biodegrades as fast as sugar. Since it can be made in the U. S. from renewable resources such as soybeans, it decreases dependence on foreign oil and helps support local farmers. Green Car. com recently gave the 2009 Green Car of the Year award to the Volkswagen Jetta Diesel, beating both hybrids and ethanol powered cars. Earlier this year, the Jetta TDI set a new Guinness World Record for lowest fuel consumption. It averaged 58. 8 miles per gallon as it traveled through 48 contiguous states. Imagine the environmental impact if the Jetta were powered by biodiesel instead of conventional diesel. The EPA estimates that if advanced diesels such as the one that powers the Jetta were used in one third of all light duty vehicles in the US, it would save almost 60 million gallons of oil per day. When the diesel engine was invented in 1890, its inventor, Rudolf Diesel, designed it to run on peanut oil. However, in the early 1900’s petroleum based fuels were considered easier and cheaper to manufacture and the diesel engine was converted to run on a petroleum based fuel, (that later became his namesake). Diesel engines utilize high compression and are inherently more energy efficient than gasoline engines. A recent analysis by RAND Corporation, a not for profit institution that studies challenges facing society, found that of the most common alternative fuels available, that a conventionally powered diesel car provides the greatest benefit to consumers and to society. They found that advanced diesel engines provide a slight edge over gas-electric hybrids and both diesels and hybrids were significantly better than ethanol, mainly due to the high cost and resource- intensive means of producing and transporting ethanol. 8 The Advantages of Biodiesel. The benefits of bio based fuels are numerous. Most notably, they are significantly less pollutive than petroleum diesel. In a study conducted by the Environmental Protection Agency in 2002, they found biodiesel to have 67% less unburned hydrocarbons, 48% less carbon monoxide, 47% less particulate matter, 100% less sulfates and 50% less ozone smog than conventional petroleum based diesel. They did however; find a 10% increase in NoX, (Nitrous Oxide), emissions. A life cycle study on Green House Gas emissions per mile by Harvard University in 2001 found that cars powered by biodiesel, (BD100), produced the lowest emissions. Another advantage to biodiesel is that it is a renewable and sustainable fuel made from plants and animal fats. So long as there is the ability to grow plants and animals, there is the opportunity to make biodiesel. Studies have also found that biodiesel has better lubricating capabilities than conventional diesel fuel, which contributes to increased engine life. Use of biodiesel reduces our reliance on foreign countries and places greater reliance on American farmers. Lastly, from a practical perspective, there is no expensive infrastructure rollout necessary to make biodiesel work. It will function in any conventional diesel 9 engine that currently uses petroleum based diesel fuel with no problems and can even be blended with petroleum diesel without harm. The Disadvantages of Biodiesel Unfortunately, biodiesel retains some of the physical characteristics of its source material, most problematic being its narrow temperature range. Most plant oils and animal fats gel or coagulate at around 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Even after processing out the glycerin, biodiesel will gel at around 32 degrees Fahrenheit, which means it can only be used in warm climates, can only be used in the summer, or if it is to be used year round, it must be blended with kerosene or diesel fuel to retain some of the latter’s cold weather capabilities. Another disadvantage to biodiesel is that it can only be used in a diesel engine. Currently, less than 2% of the cars in the U. S. have diesel engines. The majority of cars and light trucks in the U. S. are powered by gasoline. Until the diesel engine makes a comeback in the U. S passenger car market, its use is limited to large trucks and heavy equipment. Worth noting too, is that biodiesel, though significantly cleaner than petroleum diesel, is still not environmentally perfect. Until a cleaner fuel source, like hydrogen, whose emissions are water and oxygen, become commercially and practically available, this is the best that is currently available. As stated earlier, biodiesel is made from plant oils and animal fats. If farm crops are diverted from human consumption in favor of fuel production, then biodiesel can raise the prices of soy and rapseed in much the same way that ethanol increased the price of corn. However, unlike ethanol, biodiesel can be made from waste oil after it has made its way through the food supply. In this way, (and unlike ethanol), biodiesel can convert a waste product instead of decreasing a food supply. Another weakness to biodiesel is its perception as a commodity. Commodities compete solely on the basis of price. As the price of petroleum based diesel drops, biodiesel makes little to no economic sense. 10 Biodiesel is not free. Even in instances where it is made from food waste or byproducts, there is still a conversion cost and that cost often exceeds the price of petroleum diesel. At best, on a commercial scale, biodiesel is a â€Å"break even† business, which is of little interest to the investment community. Biodiesel production centers exist largely though financial assistance from the government. For this reason, almost all large scale biodiesel production centers are not-for- profit oriented, or exist solely to service municipal vehicles. Making it Personal The most successful application of biodiesel appears to come from â€Å"home brewers† – people like me who have crafted processors in their garages and basements and make biodiesel from waste vegetable oil collected from the dumpsters behind restaurants and schools. For this group, biodiesel is largely a hobby, supported by a grass roots community who are frugal, environmentally conscious, interested in renewable energy, and making a political statement. They make biodiesel in much the same way that people home brew wine or beer for personal consumption. Ironically, the only obstacle to this group seems to be the U. S. government. Uncle Sam has â€Å"green† ideas of his own. In the US, Federal and State fuel taxes combined can make up as much as 15% to 20% of the total fuel price paid at the pump. When a home brewer makes biodiesel, no road taxes are paid. There have been numerous instances of â€Å"biodieselers† being threatened by the government with fines and imprisonment. Legislation surrounding biodiesel production for home consumption is still unclear. In Conclusion Biodiesel production has increased dramatically in the past 5 years, with annual production rising from 5 million gallons in 2001 to an estimated 500 million gallons in 2007. However, this is not even a drop in the bucket when compared to the 840 million gallons of oil the U. S. consumes PER DAY! There are simply not enough plant oils and animal fats on earth to sustain the U. S. ’s 11 current level of demand. A long term solution must include some way to decrease consumption. References: †¢United States Environmental Protection Agency, A Comprehensive Analysis of Biodiesel Impacts on Exhaust Emissions, October 2002 †¢CNW Marketing Research Inc, 2007 Dust to Dust – The Energy Cost of New Vehicles from Concept to Disposal. www. cnwmr. com †¢Wall Street Journal, Volkswagen’s 2009 Jetta TDI Awarded Green Car of the Year, November 20, 2008 †¢The Rand Corporation – The Benefits and Costs of New Fuels and Engines for Cars and Light Trucks, Ryan Keefe, Jay Griffin and John Graham, November 2007, www.rand. org. †¢The Green Motorist. com, Jetta sets Guinness Record, September 29, 2008 †¢Harvard. edu, Report on Bus Alternatives, July 31, 2001 †¢The Pacific Institute – Hummer versus Prius – Dr. Peter H. Gleick, May 2007 †¢Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle Emissions, R. L. McCormick, A. Williams, J. Ireland, M. Brimhall, R. R. Hayes, October 2006 †¢Energy Information Administration – Official Energy Statistics from the US Government www. eia. doe. gov †¢www. factsonfuel. org – Gasoline Index 12.

Random Student Drug Testing (RSDT) Essay -- School Drug Testing Progra

What is drug testing? Drug testing is an examination of biologic material such as urine, hair, saliva, or sweat to detect the presence of specific drugs and determine prior drug use. Student random drug testing programs, RSDT, is increasingly common (Edwards). RSDT can help identify the students who are already abusing illicit drugs. Yet most schools only drug test the students, when they should also be drug testing the teachers and staff. Illicit drug use interferes with the ability to learn, affects other students learning and disrupts the teaching environment (Random). Although drug testing at first glance seems like a good idea, it may not be the best decision for every circumstance. Drug testing in high schools will not do very much good. It will cause use in other drugs and create more problems with alternative uses and more sneaky behavior. Drug testing does not prevent drug abuse or stop them from doing it. It usually just pushes them into harsher drugs or into unfamiliar situations. There have been many changes in today’s school systems to help prevent drug use in their students other than drug testing alone. They have introduced a zero tolerance policy. In schools, common zero-tolerance policies concern possession or use of drugs or weapons. Students, and sometimes staff, parents, and other visitors, who possess a banned item for any reason, are always to be punished. They have also introduced metal detectors, sniff dogs, and camera systems. The zero tolerance policy has proven to reduce the presence of these things on school property but doesn’t prevent them outside the walls of the schools. So how do we keep student’s drug free outside of the schools. There are moral aspects of drug testing the student body... ...ext. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Yamaguchi, Ryoko.†Relationship Between Student and Illicit Drug Use and School†. Student Drug Testing.org. 2003. PDF File. Yamaguchi, Ryoko. â€Å"Drug Testing in Schools: Policies, Practices, and Association With Student Drug Use†. Drug Policy.org. 2003. PDF File.

Physical Security Essay

Securing networks or systems within institutions and corporations is not enough. At present, security is not only concerned with the ethereal aspect of it but also with the tangible dynamics of physical security. Although physical security seems too basic, establishing even the most sophisticated network security is useless if its physical environment does not keep it sheltered and protected. Security threats that have something to do with the physical aspect of institutions include burglary and theft. In this case, even the most established digital security system that functions within the computer networks will not be able to prevent these crimes. A breach in physical security makes the network or digital system of the institution susceptible to power interruptions that disrupts the security system, addition of hardware devices that may used to hack or spy into the system, removal of hardware devices that paralyzes the system, copying confidential data from the system through USBs, CDs, and such, logging in the system directly without authorization, etc. Stewart, 2004) The importance of high standard physical security systems and policies ensure that aforementioned situations that seek to jeopardize the position of institutions that might affect all its aspects, especially its finances, are avoided. Having a secure digital system is impressive, but having a secure digital system and physical environment is highly recommended. To uphold high quality standards of security, both the digital and physical aspects of security should be merged. Sturgeon (2004) defines this as marrying digital and physical security. Physical security involves the use of high-tech gadgets such as cameras that will be used for close monitoring, 24-hour video coverage and storage, video recording triggered by movements, wireless and mobile installments within the physical environment, etc. (Physical Security, 2008) The physical security approach is based on four principles or strategies. First, physical security follows the necessity of protecting the network or institution, detecting security threats and possible risks, responding to these threats and risks, and allowing recovery for the network or institution from damages or indemnities brought about by security breaches. This process requires setting up of security systems that will accomplish these four phases of protecting (with the use of controlled access systems that restricts involvement of the public to authorized personnel only), detecting (using surveillance systems and frequent check-up of the physical areas of institutions), responding (well-trained security officials and network protocols that carry out these responses to security threats and risks), and recovering. (Operational Security Standard on Physical Security, 2004) Second, physical security builds up on hierarchical zones that protect or safeguard access to the security system. These hierarchical zones include the public zone (areas accessible to the public), reception zone (area wherein the boundary between the public and restricted zones is determined), operations zone (areas private to personnel), security zone (areas private to only authorized personnel or visitors), and the high security zone (areas private to authorized and escorted personnel or visitors). Within these zones, technological facilities and security officials are installed and designated respectively to carry out four phases in the previous approach discussed. (Operational Security Standard on Physical Security, 2004) The third approach in physical security is controlling access to determined hierarchical zones. This approach has something to do with controlling access most especially to restricted areas. It does not only control individual access, but is also concerned with the entry of materials considered to be potentially threatening or risky to security, such as mobile phones and other technological gadgets, harmful objects such as knives, guns, and such, etc. Although institutions should consider this approach in physical security, controlling access should not limit or restrict authorized individuals too much, allowing them ease in visiting each zone within the institution. Aside from security officials designated at every zone, there should also be systems that carry out state-of-the-art security protocols, such as technologies installed within the institution that asks for PIN or access numbers, access cards, biometrics, etc. Fourth, physical security systems should be designed to increase security levels in times of emergency or security threats. (Operational Security Standard on Physical Security, 2004) These four approaches, as recommended by the Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat follow the requirements of a strong and efficient physical security system. The concepts supported by these four approaches suggest how physical security systems and policies should be established in order to ensure that it will serve its purpose. However, accomplishing all the requirements in establishing a physical security system and a set of policies is not enough. Institutions should make sure that these elements of security are assessed and evaluated to ensure that it is properly sustained and it is up-to-date with trends in security technologies and processes. Part of the evaluation process includes frequent training and drills for security officials, checking-in with technological innovations that improve quality of security measures and systems, and observing existing systems to determine much-needed replacements or tweaks. With all these information in mind, physical security is a vital part in institutions that should not be neglected nor taken lightly. It complements digital network security systems, such that it prevents it from being jeopardized or subjected to external control, manipulation, and possible damages that affects the operations within the institution. Establishing a solid physical security system require that all aspects of the physical environment within an institution is identified. Mapping out requires that the institution determines where security is most needed and where access is most likely to be controlled. Aside from going over the basics and technical details of physical security systems, institutions should provide time and effort to evaluate the system in order to ensure that it functions efficiently according to its purpose, and that it meets the highest requirements of quality standard physical security.

Animal Testing Should Be Banned - 855 Words

Nowadays, in order to completely understand about human bodies as well as the advance of biology, many researchers often carry out experiments on animals. Animal experimentation has a lengthy and productive history in biological research, especially in biomedicine. Over ninety percent of studies used mice and rat to cure cancer and improve immune system for human beings (1). Since using animals in experiments is a practical way to cure many diseases, people overlooked the unethical action. However, animal testing should be forbidden because of its unsure benefits, morality and wastefulness. Opponents of banning animal testing argue that using animals in research will cure and reduce diseases which will be an advance in sciences, and animals also have many functions similar as humans. Nevertheless, animal testing is cruel and unmoral. Animals suffer pains at a same degree as humans, and animals should also have the rights to live and liberate. Most of animal experiments did not contri bute to human technologies; there are many experiments only for curiosity and have no promising results in developing biology. People are misguided by the media and articles which have no sources regarding scientists achieved medicines in animal testing which lead to the fact that many people agree with scientists using animal freely in research. In brief, humans are limiting the rights for animals to live; the lack of animals also cause many environmental problems which may harm our lives moreShow MoreRelatedShould Animal Testing Be Banned?844 Words   |  3 PagesShould animal testing be banned? Nowadays, a lot of animals has been tested on a range of experiments over the world. You could be supporting animal teasing cruelty without knowing it. Have you ever check if there’s animal testing on the cosmetics before you buy it? Today, a lot of cosmetics has been testing on helpless animals and there are about 1.4 million animals die each year from animal testing ( CatalanoJ, 1994). Most of the experiments that are completed in the laboratories are very cruelRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned880 Words   |  4 Pagesdepending on animals testing. Therefore, if people talk about laboratories, they should remember animal experiments. Those animals have the right to live, according to people who dislike the idea of doing testing on animals; the other opinion, supports the idea of animal testing as the important part of the source of what has reached medicine of the results and solutions for diseases prevalent in every time and place. Each year huge numbers of animals a re sacrificed for the science all these animals, whetherRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned776 Words   |  4 PagesAnimal Testing Should be Banned  ¨Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisioned and abused in US labs every year ¨ ( ¨11 Facts About Animal Testing ¨). Imagine if that was someones animal getting tortured in labs just to test things such as beauty products and perfume. Animal testing was first suggested when,  ¨Charles Darwin evolutionary theory in the mid 1850s also served to suggest that animals could serve as effective models to facilitate biological understanding in humans ¨ (Murnaghan)Read MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned940 Words   |  4 Pages1). Over 100 million animals are burned, crippled, poisoned, and abused in US labs every year. 2). 92% of experimental drugs that are safe and effective in animals fail in human clinical trials. (DoSomething â€Å"11 Facts About Animal Testing†). There are currently no laws combating the testing of cosmetics on animals, but the practice is harmful and must be ended. As evidenced by the statistics above, millions of animals are tortured and murdered in the United States every year for virtually no reasonRead MoreShould Animal Testing Be Banned?1665 Words   |  7 PagesTesting Cosmetics on Animals Companies around the world use animals to test cosmetics. Animals, such as rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats, and mice, are used to test the effects of chemicals on the eyes and skin. While animal testing is not mandatory, many companies use it. About Cosmetics Animal Testing by the Humane Society International talks about the different options companies have that do not require the cruel use and eventual death of animals. The article also talks about the overallRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1572 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal Testing Every year, over two hundred million innocent animals are injured or killed in scientific experiments across the world. Of those animals, between seventeen and twenty million are used in the United States alone. It is said that an animal dies in a laboratory every three seconds (Animal Testing 101). Those in favor of animal experimentation say they are taking animals’ lives to save humans. It is not necessary to subject animals to torturous conditions or painful experiments in theRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1581 Words   |  7 PagesAnimal testing is being used by different organizations all over the world to prevent specific diseases, especially cancer. Americans see animal testing having a harmful effect but it is one of the main reasons why society has most cures for some illnesses. This topic is important because people need to know what goes on during animal testing and why it is very beneficial. Animal testing needs to be used to find all cures. Some ani mals such as chimps/ monkeys have 90% of the same DNA humans haveRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Not Be Banned1721 Words   |  7 Pages † Today, more animals are being used in experiments than ever before: around 100 million in the United States alone† (3). Animal testing is now an international issue, and it is becoming a major story. Currently, animals are often used in medical testing, make-up testing, and other consumer product testing. Animals used in such product testing are often abused and suffer from serious side-effects. Animal testing can be painful for the animals, testing results are usually not even useable forRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned1364 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit. Using animals for these experimentations usually does not come to mind. Animals are often abused, suffer, and even die during laboratory testing for the benefits of people to make sure medications, household products, newest procedures, and cosmetics are safe and effective for human use. Humans have benefited from animal testing for years while these animals suffer consequences with no positive outcomes for themselves. Even if a product or procedure is deemed successful, these animals are frequentlyRead MoreAnimal Testing Should Be Banned Essay1632 Words   |  7 Pages Animal Testing Should Be Banned Throughout the decades, animals have been used in medical research to test the safety of cosmetics including makeup, hair products, soaps, perfume, and countless of other products. Animals have also been used to test antibiotics and other medicines to eliminate any potential risks that they could cause to humans. The number of animals worldwide that are used in laboratory experiments yearly exceeds 115 million animals. Unfortunately, only a small percentage of